CATALOG OF WORLDWIDE NUCLEAR TESTING

V.N. Mikhailov

Editor-in-Chief

LA. Andryushin, N.P. Voloshin, R.I. Ilkaev, A.M. Matushchenko, L.D. Ryabev, V.G. Strukov, A.K. Chernyshev, and Yu.A. Yudin

Authors

begell-atom, llc

4. GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS OF NUCLEAR TESTS

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Table 9. Yield of atmospheric nuclear tests by year and state (kt)

Year	U.S.		USSR		UK		France		China		Total Yield	Total Cumulative Yield
Year	Yield	Cumulative Yield	Yield	Cumulative Yield	Yield	Cumulative Yield	Yield	Cumulative Yield	Yield	Cumulative Yield	Total Yield	Total Cumulative Yield
1945	57	57	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	57	57
1946	21	78	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	21	78
1947	0	78	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	78
1948	104	182	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	104	182
1949	0	182	20	20	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	202
1950	0	182	0	20	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	202
1951	510	692	80	100	0	0	0	0	0	0	590	792
1952	11004	11696	0	100	25	25	0	0	0	0	11029	11821
1953	252	11949	440	540	18	43	0	0	0	0	710	12532
1954	48200	60149	120	660	0	43	0	0	0	0	48320	60852
1955	166	60315	1880	2540	0	43	0	0	0	0	2046	62898
1956	20820	81135	1980	4520	105	148	0	0	0	0	22905	85802
1957	343	81478	6220	10740	3052	3200	0	0	0	0	9615	95417
1958	35634	117111	16230	26970	4849	8049	0	0	0	0	56713	152130
1959	0	117111	0	26970	0	8049	0	0	0	0	0	152130
1960	0	117111	0	26970	0	8049	77	77	0	0	77	152207
1961	0	117111	86420	113390	0	8049	0	77	0	0	86420	238627
1962	36933	154044	133820	247210	0	8049	0	77	0	0	170753	409380
1963	0	154044	0	247210	0	8049	0	77	0	0	0	409380
1964	0	154044	0	247210	0	8049	0	77	22	22	22	409402
1965	0	154044	0	247210	0	8049	0	77	35	57	35	409437
1966	0	154044	0	247210	0	8049	518	595	382	439	900	410337
1967	0	154044	0	247210	0	8049	157	752	3319	3758	3476	413813
1968	0	154044	0	247210	0	8049	4595	5347	3000	6758	7595	421408
1969	0	154044	0	247210	0	8049	0	5347	3000	9758	3000	424408
1970	0	154044	0	247210	0	8049	2774	8121	3400	13158	6174	430582
1971	0	154044	0	247210	0	8049	1442	9563	15	13173	1457	432039
1972	0	154044	0	247210	0	8049	11	9574	178	13351	189	432228
1973	0	154044	0	247210	0	8049	21	9595	2450	15801	2471	434699
1974	0	154044	0	247210	0	8049	608	10203	445	16246	1053	435752
1975	0	154044	0	247210	0	8049	0	10203	0	16246	0	435752
1976	0	154044	0	247210	0	8049	0	10203	4206	20452	4206	439958
1977	0	154044	0	247210	0	8049	0	10203	6	20458	6	439964
1978	0	154044	0	247210	0	8049	0	10203	12	20470	12	439976
1979	0	154044	0	247210	0	8049	0	10203	6	20476	6	439982
1980	0	154044	0	247210	0	8049	0	10203	445	20921	445	440427
Total	154044		247210		8049		10203		20921		440427

Table 10. Underground nuclear tests by year and state

Year	U.S.		USSR		UK		France		China		Total Tests	Total Cumulative Tests
Year	Tests	Cumulative Tests	Tests	Cumulative Tests	Tests	Cumulative Tests	Tests	Cumulative Tests	Tests	Cumulative Tests	Total Tests	Total Cumulative Tests
1951	1	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	1
1952	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1
1953	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1
1954	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1
1955	1	2	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	2
1956	0	2	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	2
1957	5	7	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	7
1958	15	22	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	22
1959	0	22	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	22
1960	0	22	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	22
1961	10	32	1	1	0	0	1	1	0	0	12	34
1962	57	89	1	2	2	2	1	2	0	0	61	95
1963	43	132	0	2	0	2	3	5	0	0	46	141
1964	45	177	9	11	2	4	3	8	0	0	59	200
1965	38	215	14	25	1	5	4	12	0	0	57	257
1966	48	263	18	43	0	5	1	13	0	0	67	324
1967	42	305	17	60	0	5	0	13	0	0	59	383
1968	56	361	17	77	0	5	0	13	0	0	73	456
1969	46	407	19	96	0	5	0	13	1	1	66	522
1970	39	446	16	112	0	5	0	13	0	1	55	577
1971	24	470	23	135	0	5	0	13	0	1	47	624
1972	27	497	24	159	0	5	0	13	0	1	51	675
1973	24	521	17	176	0	5	0	13	0	1	41	716
1974	22	543	21	197	1	6	0	13	0	1	44	760
1975	22	565	19	216	0	6	2	15	1	2	44	804
1976	20	585	21	237	1	7	5	20	1	3	48	852
1977	20	605	24	261	0	7	9	29	0	3	53	905
1978	19	624	31	292	2	9	11	40	1	4	64	969
1979	15	639	31	323	1	10	10	50	1	5	58	1027
1980	14	653	24	347	3	13	12	62	0	5	53	1080
1981	16	669	21	368	1	14	12	74	0	5	50	1130
1982	18	687	19	387	1	15	10	84	1	6	49	1179
1983	18	705	25	412	1	16	9	93	2	8	55	1234
1984	18	723	27	439	2	18	8	101	2	10	57	1291
1985	17	740	10	449	1	19	8	109	0	10	36	1327
1986	14	754	0	449	1	20	8	117	0	10	23	1350
1987	14	768	23	472	1	21	8	125	1	11	47	1397
1988	15	783	16	488	0	21	8	133	1	12	40	1437
1989	11	794	7	495	1	22	9	142	0	12	28	1465
1990	8	802	1	496	1	23	6	148	2	14	18	1483
1991	7	809	0	496	1	24	6	154	0	14	14	1497
1992	6	815	0	496	0	24	0	154	3	17	9	1506
1993	0	815	0	496	0	24	0	154	1	18	1	1507
1994	0	815	0	496	0	24	0	154	2	20	2	1509
1995	0	815	0	496	0	24	5	159	2	22	7	1516
1996	0	815	0	496	0	24	1	160	2	24	3	1519
Total	815		496		24		160		24		1519

Table 11. Yield of underground nuclear tests by year and state (kt)

Year	U.S.		USSR		UK		France		China		Total Yield	Total Cumulative Yield
Year	Yield	Cumulative Yield	Yield	Cumulative Yield	Yield	Cumulative Yield	Yield	Cumulative Yield	Yield	Cumulative Yield	Total Yield	Total Cumulative Yield
1951	1	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	1
1952	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1
1953	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1
1954	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1
1955	1	2	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	2
1956	0	2	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	2
1957	2	4	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	2	4
1958	27	31	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	27	31
1959	0	31	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	31
1960	0	31	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	31
1961	50	81	1	1	0	0	6	6	0	0	57	88
1962	685	766	6	7	16	16	55	61	0	0	762	850
1963	662	1429	0	7	0	16	75	136	0	0	737	1587
1964	585	2013	110	117	6	22	18	154	0	0	719	2306
1965	581	2594	260	377	63	85	142	296	0	0	1046	3351
1966	2011	4605	1850	2227	0	85	13	309	0	0	3874	7225
1967	1152	5757	490	2717	0	85	0	309	0	0	1642	8867
1968	3962	9718	510	3227	0	85	0	309	0	0	4472	13339
1969	3676	13394	870	4097	0	85	0	309	20	20	4566	17905
1970	2524	15918	2510	6607	0	85	0	309	0	20	5034	22939
1971	5449	21367	2880	9487	0	85	0	309	0	20	8329	31268
1972	303	21670	1620	11107	0	85	0	309	0	20	1923	33191
1973	. 931	22601	8170	19277	0	85	0	309	0	20	9101	42292
1974	372	22973	3610	22887	63	148	0	309	0	20	4045	46337
1975	2720	25693	4420	27307	0	148	12	321	3	23	7155	53491
1976	3151	28844	520	27827	55	203	15	335	14	37	3755	57246
1977	530	29374	530	28357	0	203	135	470	0	37	1195	58440
1978	500	29874	1130	29487	110	313	86	555	6	43	1832	60272
1979	567	30441	1410	30897	55	368	165	720	6	49	2203	62474
1980	275	30717	770	31667	116	484	265	984	0	49	1426	63900
1981	341	31058	820	32487	55	539	123	1107	0	49	1339	65239
1982	765	31823	640	33127	55	594	130	1236	6	55	1596	66834
1983	392	32215	780	33907	6	600	200	1436	51	106	1429	68263
1984	451	32666	1320	35227	110	710	243	1679	48	154	2172	70435
1985	494	33160	460	35687	55	765	207	1885	0	154	1216	71650
1986	514	33674	0	35687	55	820	145	2030	0	154	714	72364
1987	335	34009	1190	36877	55	875	260	2290	100	254	1940	74304
1988	482	34491	910	37787	0	875	288	2578	5	259	1685	75989
1989	305	34796	300	38087	55	930	252	2829	0	259	912	76900
1990	195	34991	70	38157	55	985	195	3024	131	390	646	77546
1991	244	35235	0	38157	6	991	223	3247	0	390	473	78019
1992	85	35320	0	38157	0	991	0	3247	680	1070	765	78784
1993	0	35320	0	38157	0	991	0	3247	57	1127	57	78841
1994	0	35320	0	38157	0	991	0	3247	132	1259	132	78973
1995	0	35320	0	38157	0	991	237	3484	80	1339	317	79290
1996	0	35320	0	38157	0	991	120	3604	46	1385	166	79456
Total	35320		38157		991		3604		1385		79456

Table 12 summarizes nuclear tests, nuclear explosions, and their total yield by the main areas of nuclear testing. Tables 13 and 14 presents atmospheric and underground nuclear tests, nuclear explosions, and their total yield by the main areas of nuclear testing. Table 15 shows U.S. and USSR salvo nuclear tests and exploded nuclear devices by year.

Table 12. Nuclear tests and their total yield by area of nuclear testing

Area	Tests	Explosions	Total Yield, kt
Novaya Zemlya test site	130	224	265340
Total Polynesia, including Bikini Atoll Enewetak Atoll Christmas Island Johnston Island Mururoa Atoll Fangataufa Atoll Maiden Island	304 23 43 30 12 179 14 3	304 23 43 30 12 179 14 3	173710 76840 31650 29900 20680 9110 4310 1220
Nevada test site	928	1021	30600
Lop Nur test site	47	47	22310
Semipalatinsk test site	456	607	17420
Amchitka Island , Alaska	3	3	6080
Algeria	17	17	390
Australia	10	10	200
Total	1895	2233	516050

Table 13. Atmospheric nuclear tests and their total yield by area of nuclear testing

Area	Tests	Explosions	Total Yield, kt
Novaya Zemlya test site	88	88	239610
Total Polynesia, including Bikini Atoll Enewetak Atoll Christmas Island Johnston Island Mururoa Atoll Fangataufa Atoll Maiden Island	154 22 41 30 12 42 4 3	154 22 41 30 12 42 4 3	170390 76820 31640 29900 20680 6390 3740 1220
Nevada test site	100	100	1000
Lop Nur test site	23	23	20920
Semipalatinsk test site	116	116	6570
Algeria	4	4	80
Australia	10	10	200
Total	495	495	438770

Table 14. Underground nuclear tests and their total yield by area of nuclear testing

Area	Tests	Explosions	Total Yield, kt
Novaya Zemlya test site	39	133	25710
Total Polynesia , including Mururoa Atoll Fangataufa Atoll	147 137 10	147 137 10	3290 2720 570
Nevada test site	828	921	29600
Lop Nur test site	24	24	1390
Semipalatinsk test site	340	491	10850
Amchitka Island , Alaska	3	3	6080
Algeria	13	13	310
Total	1394	1732	77230

Table 15. Salvo nuclear tests by year

Year	U.S.		USSR		Total Salvo Tests	Total Explosions
Year	Salvo Tests	Explosions	Salvo Tests	Explosions	Total Salvo Tests	Total Explosions
1963	2	4	0	0	2	4
1964	3	6	0	0	3	6
1965	1	2	1	2	2	4
1966	1	2	1	2	2	4
1967	0	0	6	12	6	12
1968	6	22	4	10	10	32
1969	10	25	4	9	14	34
1970	13	34	3	8	16	42
1971	2	6	3	9	5	15
1972	4	9 .	4	11	8	20
1973	2	5	2	7	4	12
1974	2	5	2	8	4	13
1975	1	2	6	22	7	24
1976	0	0	4	10	4	10
1977	3	6	7	19	10	25
1978	1	2	10	34	11	36
1979	0	0	15	36	15	36
1980	0	0	10	29	10	29
1981	0	0	9	25	9	25
1982	0	0	11	26	11	26
1983	1	2	7	19	8	21
1984	0	0	11	27	11	27
1985	0	0	5	14	5	14
1986	0	0	0	0	0	0
1987	1	3	10	26	11	29
1988	3	6	7	20	10	26
1989	3	7	3	7	6	14
1990	2	4	1	8	3	12
1991	1	3	0	0	1	3
1992	1	3	0	0	1	3
Total	63	158	146	400	209	558

Tables 16, 17, and 18 summarize nuclear tests and nuclear explosions by purpose, type, and method of their conduct. Table 19 presents the distribution of nuclear tests and nuclear explosions by yield range.

Table 16. Nuclear tests and nuclear explosions by purpose

Purpose	U.S.		USSR		UK		France		China		Total Tests	Total Explosions
Purpose	Tests	Explosions	Tests	Explosions	Tests	Explosions	Tests	Explosions	Tests	Explosions	Total Tests	Total Explosions
WR	826	891	445	637	27	27	181	181	18	18	1497	1754
WE	97	98	52	69	2	2	2	2	0	0	153	171
SE	71	92	25	42	0	0	12	12	0	0	108	146
FMS	7	7	36	47	0	0	0	0	0	0	43	54
ME	2	2	1	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	3	3
PDD	13	13	32	38	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	51
PIE	14	22	124	135	0	0	0	0	0	0	138	157
WF	2	2	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	2	2
Unknown	0	0	0	0	16	16	15	15	29	29	60	60
Total	1032	1127	715	969	45	45	210	210	47	47	2049	2398

Table 17. Nuclear tests and nuclear explosions by type

Type	U.S.		USSR		UK		France		China		Total Tests	Total Explosions
Type	Tests	Explosions	Tests	Explosions	Tests	Explosions	Tests	Explosions	Tests	Explosions	Total Tests	Total Explosions
SWE	36	36	2	2	1	1	4	4	0	0	43	43
SGE	44	44	31	31	9	9	4	4	2	2	90	90
AE	82	82	175	175	11	11	17	17	20	20	305	305
SE-AE	41	41	3	3	0	0	25	25	1	1	70	70
UWE	5	5	3	3	0	0	0	0	0	0	8	8
UGE	815	910	496	750	24	24	160	160	24	24	1519	1868
HAE	3	3	1	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	4	4
SPE	6	6	4	4	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10
Total	1032	1127	715	969	45	45	210	210	47	47	2049	2398

Table 18. Nuclear tests and nuclear explosions by methods

Method	U.S.		USSR		UK		France		China		Total Tests	Total Explosions
Method	Tests	Explosions	Tests	Explosions	Tests	Explosions	Tests	Explosions	Tests	Explosions	Total Tests	Total Explosions
Tower	56	56	7	7	8	8	8	8	3	3	82	82
Surface	28	28	20	20	1	1	1	1	0	0	50	50
Airdrop	54	54	158	158	8	8	3	3	11	11	234	234
Airburst	1	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	1
Balloon	25	25	0	0	3	3	34	34	0	0	62	62
Rocket	13	13	30	30	0	0	0	0	1	1	44	44
Barge	36	36	0	0	1	1	4	4	0	0	41	41
Torpedo	0	0	3	3	0	0	0	0	0	0	3	3
Moored container	3	3	1	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	4	4
Shaft	739	829	246	316	24	24	147	147	0	0	1156	1316
Tunnel	67	68	245	425	0	0	13	13	0	0	325	506
Crater	9	13	5	9	0	0	0	0	0	0	14	22
Unknown	1	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	32	32	33	33
Total	1032	1127	715	969	45	45	210	210	47	47	2049	2398

Table 19. Nuclear tests and nuclear explosions by yield range

Yield Range	U.S.		USSR		UK		France		China		Total Tests	Total Explosions
Yield Range	Tests	Explosions	Tests	Explosions	Tests	Explosions	Tests	Explosions	Tests	Explosions	Total Tests	Total Explosions
< 0.001	28	28	21	21	1	1	10	10			60	60
0.001-20	167	174	430	515	10	10	69	69	8	8	684	776
<20	504	579			4	4	55	55	11	11	574	649
20-150	166	170	176	313	20	20	65	65	15	15	442	583
20-200	85	94			3	3			1	1	89	98
150-1500	60	60	57	81	5	5	10	10	6	6	138	162
1500-10000	18	18	25	33	2	2	1	1	6	6	52	60
>10000	4	4	6	6	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10
Total	1032	1127	715	969	45	45	210	210	47	47	2049	2398

Table 20 presents the total yield of surface-ground, surface-water, intermediate (surface-air), and cratering nuclear explosions.

Table 20. Total yield of nuclear explosions having the most impact on the environment (kt)

	U.S.	USSR	UK	France	China	Total
SGE	31485	587	127	77	135	32411
Crater	149	187	0	0	0	336
SE-AE	4786	41	0	9631	22	14480
SWE	72776	22	25	380	0	73203
Total	109195	837	152	10088	157	120430